Investment Performance

⁽¹⁾ Voya Fixed Account - 457/401 II - Voya will credit interest at an annual effective rate of at least 3.00% through December 2017, 2.75% from January 2018 through December 2018 and 2.50% from January 2019 through December 2020. Each of these is higher than the standard Voya Fixed Account - 457/401 II credited rate. Beginning January 1, 2021 and thereafter, the credited rate for your plan will be the same as the standard Voya Fixed Account - 457/401 II credited rate in effect at that time. Please note the Guaranteed Minimum Interest Rate is 1.00%. Guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company. Restrictions may apply to transfers of funds from the Voya Fixed Account - 457/401 II to other contract investment options. Please refer to your product prospectus / disclosure booklet or call your 800 number for more information.

⁽²⁾ The Investment Option is neither a mutual fund nor part of a Separate Account. The returns listed do not include the impact of contract charges. Please refer to the contract or disclosure book to determine which Fixed Interest Options are available for your specific plan. The Investment Option is offered through Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company.

⁽³⁾ The current rate for the Voya Fixed Account - 457/401 II MC 902, Fund 4301 is 2.00%, expressed as an annual effective yield. The current rate may change and be higher or lower than the previously identified rate but is guaranteed not to be less than the calendar year floor rate of 1.25%, which will not change through 12/31/2025. In addition, the current rate is guaranteed not to be less than the Guaranteed Minimum Interest Rate of 1.00%. VRIAC will not apply a decrease to the current rate following a rate change initiated solely by us prior to the last day of the three-month period measured from the first day of the month in which such change was effective. Note: The current rate for an initial investment in the fixed account previously identified may be in effect for less than a full three-month period. Guarantees are based on the claims-paying ability of Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company.

⁽⁴⁾ JPMorgan Global Bond Opportunities Fund - Class R6 Shares: The Fund's adviser and/or its affiliates have contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses to the extent Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses other than certain money market fund fees as described below, dividend and interest expenses related to short sales, interest, taxes, expenses related to litigation and potential litigation, expenses related to trustee elections, and extraordinary expenses) exceed 0.50% of the average daily net assets of Class R6 Shares. The Fund may invest in one or more money market funds advised by the adviser or its affiliates (affiliated money market funds). The Fund's adviser, shareholder servicing agent and/or administrator have contractually agreed to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses in an amount sufficient to offset the respective net fees each collects from the affiliated money market funds on the Fund's investment in such money market funds for this Share Class. These waivers are in effect through 6/30/25, at which time it will be determined whether such waivers will be renewed or revised. To the extent that the Fund engages in securities lending, affiliated money market fund fees and expenses resulting from the Fund's investment of cash received from securities lending borrowers are not included in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses and therefore, the above waivers do not apply to such investments.

⁽⁵⁾ Manning & Napier Fund, Inc. Overseas Series - Class I Shares: The total annual fund operating expenses in this fee table may not correlate to the expense ratios in the financial highlights in the prospectus (and in the Series' financial statements) because the financial highlights include only the Series' direct operating expenses and do not include fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Series through its investments in other investment companies. 2.Manning & Napier Advisors, LLC (the Advisor or Manning & Napier) has contractually agreed to waive the management fee for the Class W shares. In addition, pursuant to a separate expense limitation agreement, the Advisor has contractually agreed to limit its fees and reimburse expenses to the extent necessary so that the total direct annual fund operating expenses of each Class, exclusive of Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees and waived Class W management fees (collectively, "excluded expenses"), do not exceed 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the Class I shares, 0.80% of the average daily net assets of the Class S shares, 0.65% of the average daily net assets of the Class Z shares, and 0.05% of the average daily net assets of the Class W shares. These contractual waivers are expected to continue indefinitely, and may not be amended or terminated by the Advisor without the approval of the Series' Board of Directors. The Advisor's agreement to limit each Class's operating expenses is limited to direct operating expenses and, therefore, does not apply to acquired fund fees and expenses, which are indirect expenses incurred by the Series through its investments in other investment companies. The Advisor may receive from a Class the difference between the Class's total direct annual fund operating expenses, not including excluded expenses, and the Class's contractual expense limit to recoup all or a portion of its prior fee waivers (other than Class W management fee waivers) or expense reimbursements made during the rolling three-year period preceding the recoupment if at any point the total direct annual fund operating expenses, not including excluded expenses, are below the contractual expense limit (a) at the time of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement and (b) at the time of the recoupment.

⁽⁶⁾ American Funds Target Date: Depending on the proximity to its target date, which we define as the year that corresponds roughly to the year in which the investor expects to retire, the fund will seek to achieve the following objectives to varying degrees: growth, income and conservation of capital. The fund will increasingly emphasize income and conservation of capital by investing a greater portion of its assets in fixed income, equity-income and balanced funds as it approaches and passes its target date. In this way, the fund seeks to balance total return and stability over time.

⁽⁷⁾ Principal Global Real Estate Securities Fund - Institutional Class: Principal Global Investors, LLC ("PGI"), the investment advisor, has contractually agreed to limit the Fund's expenses by paying, if necessary, expenses normally payable by the Fund (excluding interest expense, expenses related to fund investments, acquired fund fees and expenses, and tax reclaim recovery expenses and other extraordinary expenses) to maintain a total level of operating expenses (expressed as a percent of average net assets on an annualized basis) not to exceed 0.94% for Institutional Class shares. It is expected that the expense limit will continue through the period ending February 28, 2025 ; however, Principal Funds, Inc. and PGI, the parties to the agreement, may mutually agree to terminate the expense limit prior to the end of the period. Subject to applicable expense limits, the Fund may reimburse PGI for expenses incurred during the current fiscal year.

⁽⁸⁾ MFS International Intrinsic Value Fund - Class R3: "Other Expenses" include approximately 0.03% of foreign tax reclaim recovery expenses (including contingency fees and closing agreement expenses to be paid to third party service providers) incurred in connection with the fund's recovery of foreign taxes previously withheld in certain foreign countries. The amount of the fund's foreign tax reclaim recoveries is greater than the tax reclaim recovery expenses referenced above. Massachusetts Financial Services Company (MFS) has agreed in writing to waive at least 0.01% of the fund's management fee as part of an agreement pursuant to which MFS has agreed to reduce its management fee by a specified amount if certain MFS mutual fund assets exceed thresholds agreed to by MFS and the fund's Board of Trustees. The agreement to waive at least 0.01% of the management fee will continue until modified by the fund's Board of Trustees, but such agreement will continue until at least September 30, 2025.

The chart shows the performance for each investment option for the time periods shown.